Depleted uranium Gronau-Rotterdam-Russia
German source stories at 
http://de.indymedia.org/2004/04/79612.shtml,
http://de.indymedia.org/2004/04/79569.shtml
German anti-nuclear activists say they now know when uranium is railed from a plant in Gronau near the Dutch border to Rotterdam for shipment to Russia to be enriched.
They report that on 6 April about 30 protesters almost stopped a 19-car train carrying depleted uranium from Gronau, Germany?s only uranium enrichment plant.
http://de.indymedia.org/2004/04/79612.shtml, http://de.indymedia.org/2004/04/79569.shtml German anti-nuclear activists say they now know when uranium is railed from a plant in Gronau near the Dutch border to Rotterdam for shipment to Russia to be enriched.
They report that on 6 April about 30 protesters almost stopped a 19-car train carrying depleted uranium from Gronau, Germany?s only uranium enrichment plant.
Udo Eichenplanke (at 
nixfaehrtmehr@gmx.de) wrote that the protesters were active in the evening in Steinfurt-Borghorst, Münster and Bad Bentheim.
He wrote that the depleted uranium is to be enriched in Russia and afterwards to be transported back to Gronau. "That means ample possibilities of blocking and stopping the things on the way back."
Another writer on German IndyMedia pointed out that three to four such transports happen every year. "Apparently it's very cost-effective to do the whole procedure with and in Russia, as it was officially pointed out to NDR radio."
"Congratulations! At last we're able to put a spanner in the Atom Mafia's works at its most vulnerable point!"
Udo Eichenplanke wrote that this was the first time the Münsterland region anti-atom initiatives were able to crack the secrecy around the nuclear transports to Russia and draw public attention to the dangerous cargo by several protest actions.
"A transport accident could contaminate huge areas." Depleted uranium is a waste product of the process that produces enriched uranium for use in atomic weapons and nuclear power plants. It is both toxic and radioactive. With its half-life of 4.5 billion years, the radioactivity of depleted uranium effectively lasts forever. ( http://www.iacenter.org/depleted/metal_leftbooks.htm)
These transports are licensed only by the German border police and the federal railways authority, Udo Eichenplanke points out. "They are carried out by the same company which this summer will try in vain to move 18 Castor transports from Dresden to Ahaus - Nuclear Cargo!" ( http://www.anti-atom.de/nuccargo.htm, more at http://www.wigatom.de and htpp://www.bi-ahaus.de).
Udo Eichenplanke's account of the near-stoppage: "In Steinfurt-Borghorst a big deployment of police including a fat chopper of the border police had closed off the railway station. Despite this several demonstrators managed to get on to the rails for a short time. Attracted by the large number of police, many onlookers also watched the atom train roll through at 7.45 p.m.
"In Münster there were two protest actions at the old freight station and directly in the main station. The border police seized and temporarily held one person in the first action.
"Between 8.40 and 9.25 p.m. the train stood for about 45 minutes at the level of Alfred-Krupp-Weg for shunting and ran twice through the Münster main station, unguarded by either railway or border police!
"In Bad Bentheim the atom train again stood more than 1 ½ hours in the station between 10.15 and 11.55 p.m. A spontaneous vigil of nuclear opponents formed at the rail-road crossing Nordring.
"At about midnight the extremely long train left Germany headed for Rotterdam, from where the nuclear cargo is shipped to Russia.
"So you see that there are enough points of attack to stop uranium transports. These are not yet as heavily guarded as Castor transports. These trains run all over the place without border police onboard, just with a driver!
"The anti-atomic initiatives have made plain with their actions that they are able to demonstrate against transports spontaneously at several places simultaneously.
"It is a scandal that the depleted uranium is delivered to Russia. Even depleted uranium can still be used for military purposes.
"The Gronau uranium enrichment plant must be closed down immediately, because in Gronau the atomic fuel is produced that keeps the atomic power stations running and is later to be brought to the Ahaus interim storage hall as highly radioactive waste.
"Anyone talking of getting out of nuclear power can't be allowed to promote the start of the atomic spiral.
"But up to now the Social Democrat-Greens government of North-Rhine Westphalia has approved every expansion of the Gronau uranium enrichment plant. That clearly contradicts the abandonment of nuclear power pledged by Social Democrats and Greens."
A licensing procedure for a massive expansion of Gronau is currently in progress. Environmentalists are demanding that the NRW government refuse the permit. The owners of the plant admitted just days ago to another disturbance in its operation..
Activist groups say they will step up their protests against transports to and from Gronau. They say the actions on 6 April were also the kick-off for the hot phase of resistance against the planned Castor transports from Dresden to Ahaus.
"We call on all to demonstrate against the highly controversial atomic transports on 18 April in Ahaus and on 2 May in Gronau at the respective Sunday Strolls." On 26 April at 6 p.m. there will be a large demonstration at Münster main railway station to mark the 18th anniversary of the Chernobyl meltdown. From 29 April to 2 May there will be a resistance weekend in Ahaus directly in front of the interim storage hall against the Dresden transports. On 30 April there will be a "Free&Outside Festival. (e-Mail:: nixfaehrtmehr@gmx.de ¦ Homepage:: http://www.nixfaehrtmehr.de.)
camp ikks reports that camping will be possible at the resistance camp from 29 April to 2 May. "It's on a good paddock and all facilities will be laid on. So come along!"
Meanwhile the NRW government has said it's preparing to litigate against the trucking of waste from Dresden-Rossendorf. It says it's asked a high-calibre lawyer to cheek out the juridical possibilities. "We want to exhaust all legal and political avenues to prevent the transports," said interior minister, Fritz Behrens, a Social Democrat.
The state of Saxony is determined to truck 951 spent fuel rods 600 km across Germany from Dresden to Ahaus. Behrens demanded that "the inner-German nuclear waste tourism" must end at last. He called the "unnecessary assignment of thousands of police" irresponsible. After the terrorist attacks in Madrid the police had more important things to do.
Social Democrat members of the federal parliament (Bundestag) from NRW have also spoken out against the transports to Ahaus. Their group leader, Hans-Peter Kemper, warned the Saxon government that solidarity between east and west Germany cannot be a "one-way street".
Kemper pointed out that there is at the decommissioned research reactor in Rossendorf a hall of the same construction as the one in Ahaus. The only difference was that it hadn't yet been licensed as an interim storage for the rods.
"Saxony can't just say 'we'll do without the licence and we'll send the stuff to North-Rhine Westphalia'," Kemper warned.
He said a run of more than 600 kilometres presents high security risks and enormous traffic disturbances. Policing would cost NRW 50 million euros.
The co-governing NRW Greens want to stop the transports by changing the law on giving up nuclear power. Their leaders in the state, Environment Minister Bärbel Höhn and Education Minister Michael Vesper, are demanding that if necessary the state should litigate in the supreme court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) and the highest administrative court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht).
Höhn and Vesper also demanded that the Social Democrats in the NRW government intervene with federal Social Democrat leaders to change the nuclear exist law so that it requires interim storages to be set up also for research facilities at their locations. This is of central importance to stopping transports, they say.
WigA has posted various possible routes from Rossendorf to Ahaus:
Variant A: Rossendorf-A4-Dresden-Chemnitz-Gera-Jena-Erfurt-Eisenach-A7-Kassel-A44-
Paderborn-Unna-A1-Kamen-A2-Recklinghausen-Gelsenkirchen-Bottrop-A31-Ahaus
Variant B: Rossendorf-A4-Dresden-A14-Leipzig-Halle-Magdeburg-A2-Braunschweig-Hannover-
Minden-Bad Oeynhausen-
Variant B1: Bielefeld-Hamm-Kamen-(onwards like A)
Variant B2: A30-Osnabrück-Bad Bentheim/Nordhorn-(Landstraße)-Ahaus
Transports can start from 27 May.
More information at www.wigatom.de; www.nixfaehrtmehr.de; www.bi-ahaus.de; homepage http://www.wigatom.de
Other anti-nuclear news:
- Information event on changing to non-nuclear power supply: http://www.stromwechsel-jetzt.de, Saturday, 17 April 2004, 5.00 to 6.30 p.m., in the "Lichtmesskino", Werkhof, Gaußstr. 17, in Hamburg-Altona (near W3), with Inge Borchers (Eurosolar Hamburg).
- Anti-atomic spring conference in Berlin, 16-18 April. Programme in PDF format:
http://www.akw-abschalten.claranet.de/reader_fraab04.pdf, homepage http://www.akw-abschalten.claranet.de.
nixfaehrtmehr@gmx.de) wrote that the protesters were active in the evening in Steinfurt-Borghorst, Münster and Bad Bentheim. He wrote that the depleted uranium is to be enriched in Russia and afterwards to be transported back to Gronau. "That means ample possibilities of blocking and stopping the things on the way back."
Another writer on German IndyMedia pointed out that three to four such transports happen every year. "Apparently it's very cost-effective to do the whole procedure with and in Russia, as it was officially pointed out to NDR radio."
"Congratulations! At last we're able to put a spanner in the Atom Mafia's works at its most vulnerable point!"
Udo Eichenplanke wrote that this was the first time the Münsterland region anti-atom initiatives were able to crack the secrecy around the nuclear transports to Russia and draw public attention to the dangerous cargo by several protest actions.
"A transport accident could contaminate huge areas." Depleted uranium is a waste product of the process that produces enriched uranium for use in atomic weapons and nuclear power plants. It is both toxic and radioactive. With its half-life of 4.5 billion years, the radioactivity of depleted uranium effectively lasts forever. (
http://www.iacenter.org/depleted/metal_leftbooks.htm) These transports are licensed only by the German border police and the federal railways authority, Udo Eichenplanke points out. "They are carried out by the same company which this summer will try in vain to move 18 Castor transports from Dresden to Ahaus - Nuclear Cargo!" (
http://www.anti-atom.de/nuccargo.htm, more at http://www.wigatom.de and htpp://www.bi-ahaus.de). Udo Eichenplanke's account of the near-stoppage: "In Steinfurt-Borghorst a big deployment of police including a fat chopper of the border police had closed off the railway station. Despite this several demonstrators managed to get on to the rails for a short time. Attracted by the large number of police, many onlookers also watched the atom train roll through at 7.45 p.m.
"In Münster there were two protest actions at the old freight station and directly in the main station. The border police seized and temporarily held one person in the first action.
"Between 8.40 and 9.25 p.m. the train stood for about 45 minutes at the level of Alfred-Krupp-Weg for shunting and ran twice through the Münster main station, unguarded by either railway or border police!
"In Bad Bentheim the atom train again stood more than 1 ½ hours in the station between 10.15 and 11.55 p.m. A spontaneous vigil of nuclear opponents formed at the rail-road crossing Nordring.
"At about midnight the extremely long train left Germany headed for Rotterdam, from where the nuclear cargo is shipped to Russia.
"So you see that there are enough points of attack to stop uranium transports. These are not yet as heavily guarded as Castor transports. These trains run all over the place without border police onboard, just with a driver!
"The anti-atomic initiatives have made plain with their actions that they are able to demonstrate against transports spontaneously at several places simultaneously.
"It is a scandal that the depleted uranium is delivered to Russia. Even depleted uranium can still be used for military purposes.
"The Gronau uranium enrichment plant must be closed down immediately, because in Gronau the atomic fuel is produced that keeps the atomic power stations running and is later to be brought to the Ahaus interim storage hall as highly radioactive waste.
"Anyone talking of getting out of nuclear power can't be allowed to promote the start of the atomic spiral.
"But up to now the Social Democrat-Greens government of North-Rhine Westphalia has approved every expansion of the Gronau uranium enrichment plant. That clearly contradicts the abandonment of nuclear power pledged by Social Democrats and Greens."
A licensing procedure for a massive expansion of Gronau is currently in progress. Environmentalists are demanding that the NRW government refuse the permit. The owners of the plant admitted just days ago to another disturbance in its operation..
Activist groups say they will step up their protests against transports to and from Gronau. They say the actions on 6 April were also the kick-off for the hot phase of resistance against the planned Castor transports from Dresden to Ahaus.
"We call on all to demonstrate against the highly controversial atomic transports on 18 April in Ahaus and on 2 May in Gronau at the respective Sunday Strolls." On 26 April at 6 p.m. there will be a large demonstration at Münster main railway station to mark the 18th anniversary of the Chernobyl meltdown. From 29 April to 2 May there will be a resistance weekend in Ahaus directly in front of the interim storage hall against the Dresden transports. On 30 April there will be a "Free&Outside Festival. (e-Mail::
nixfaehrtmehr@gmx.de ¦ Homepage:: http://www.nixfaehrtmehr.de.) camp ikks reports that camping will be possible at the resistance camp from 29 April to 2 May. "It's on a good paddock and all facilities will be laid on. So come along!"
Meanwhile the NRW government has said it's preparing to litigate against the trucking of waste from Dresden-Rossendorf. It says it's asked a high-calibre lawyer to cheek out the juridical possibilities. "We want to exhaust all legal and political avenues to prevent the transports," said interior minister, Fritz Behrens, a Social Democrat.
The state of Saxony is determined to truck 951 spent fuel rods 600 km across Germany from Dresden to Ahaus. Behrens demanded that "the inner-German nuclear waste tourism" must end at last. He called the "unnecessary assignment of thousands of police" irresponsible. After the terrorist attacks in Madrid the police had more important things to do.
Social Democrat members of the federal parliament (Bundestag) from NRW have also spoken out against the transports to Ahaus. Their group leader, Hans-Peter Kemper, warned the Saxon government that solidarity between east and west Germany cannot be a "one-way street".
Kemper pointed out that there is at the decommissioned research reactor in Rossendorf a hall of the same construction as the one in Ahaus. The only difference was that it hadn't yet been licensed as an interim storage for the rods.
"Saxony can't just say 'we'll do without the licence and we'll send the stuff to North-Rhine Westphalia'," Kemper warned.
He said a run of more than 600 kilometres presents high security risks and enormous traffic disturbances. Policing would cost NRW 50 million euros.
The co-governing NRW Greens want to stop the transports by changing the law on giving up nuclear power. Their leaders in the state, Environment Minister Bärbel Höhn and Education Minister Michael Vesper, are demanding that if necessary the state should litigate in the supreme court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) and the highest administrative court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht).
Höhn and Vesper also demanded that the Social Democrats in the NRW government intervene with federal Social Democrat leaders to change the nuclear exist law so that it requires interim storages to be set up also for research facilities at their locations. This is of central importance to stopping transports, they say.
WigA has posted various possible routes from Rossendorf to Ahaus:
Variant A: Rossendorf-A4-Dresden-Chemnitz-Gera-Jena-Erfurt-Eisenach-A7-Kassel-A44-
Paderborn-Unna-A1-Kamen-A2-Recklinghausen-Gelsenkirchen-Bottrop-A31-Ahaus
Variant B: Rossendorf-A4-Dresden-A14-Leipzig-Halle-Magdeburg-A2-Braunschweig-Hannover-
Minden-Bad Oeynhausen-
Variant B1: Bielefeld-Hamm-Kamen-(onwards like A)
Variant B2: A30-Osnabrück-Bad Bentheim/Nordhorn-(Landstraße)-Ahaus
Transports can start from 27 May.
More information at www.wigatom.de; www.nixfaehrtmehr.de; www.bi-ahaus.de; homepage
http://www.wigatom.de Other anti-nuclear news:
- Information event on changing to non-nuclear power supply:
http://www.stromwechsel-jetzt.de, Saturday, 17 April 2004, 5.00 to 6.30 p.m., in the "Lichtmesskino", Werkhof, Gaußstr. 17, in Hamburg-Altona (near W3), with Inge Borchers (Eurosolar Hamburg). - Anti-atomic spring conference in Berlin, 16-18 April. Programme in PDF format:
http://www.akw-abschalten.claranet.de/reader_fraab04.pdf, homepage http://www.akw-abschalten.claranet.de.
Indymedia ist eine Veröffentlichungsplattform, auf der jede und jeder selbstverfasste Berichte publizieren kann. Eine Überprüfung der Inhalte und eine redaktionelle Bearbeitung der Beiträge finden nicht statt. Bei Anregungen und Fragen zu diesem Artikel wenden sie sich bitte direkt an die Verfasserin oder den Verfasser.
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BERLIN - Das deutsche Militär und Regierungsberater sondieren Möglichkeiten für den Zugriff Berlins auf Atomwaffen. Als enger Verbündeter wird dabei Frankreich in Anspruch genommen, mit dem bereits konkrete Vorschläge für den gemeinsamen Atomwaffen-Einsatz erörtert werden. Die Bundesregierung soll, so heißt es, möglichst schnell eine Konzeption vorlegen, wie die noch bestehenden Widerstände gegen eine ,,Nuklearmacht Europa" zu überwinden sind.
Das deutsche Streben nach eigenen Atomwaffen geht zurück auf die vergeblichen Versuche des Naziregimes, die aussichtslose militärische Lage durch die Entwicklung von ,,Wunderwaffen" zu überwinden. In den Nachkriegsjahrzehnten versuchte Bonn, das Deutschland auferlegte Atomwaffenverbot durch ,,Entwicklungszusammenarbeit" mit Nicht-Atomwaffensperrvertrags-Staaten zu umgehen, um so die technologischen und organisatorischen Voraussetzungen für eine eigene Atomwaffenproduktion zu erlangen.1)
,,Vergemeinschaftete" Atomwaffen
Gegenwärtig versucht Berlin insbesondere über die Europäische Union, den Zugriff auf Nuklearwaffen zu erhalten. Im Jahr 1999 debattierten Abgesandte des Bundeskanzleramtes und der Bundeswehr-Führungsakademie in einem Seminar der Bundesakademie für Sicherheitspolitik (BAKS)2) über ,,Deutsche Interessenpolitik im 21. Jahrhundert". Sie kamen zu dem Schluss, Deutschland als ,,demographisch und wirtschaftlich (...) stärkste Macht Europas" müsse die ,,Stärkung und Modernisierung der europäischen Sicherheits-, Verteidigungs- und Rüstungspolitik" nach Kräften vorantreiben. Dazu gehörten auch ,,vergemeinschaftete europäische Nuklearstreitkräfte".2)
Im Mai 2003 entwarf das eng mit dem Auswärtigen Amt kooperierende Centrum für angewandte Politikforschung (CAP) das Szenario einer ,,Supermacht Europa", die durch konsequente Aufrüstung ,,Machtparität mit den USA" erreicht und damit ihrem ,,objektiven Weltmachtpotential" gerecht wird: ,,Die Etablierung einer Sicherheits- und Verteidigungsunion und vor allem der Aufbau der Vereinten Europäischen Strategischen Streitkräfte (VESS), die sich unter einem gemeinsamen europäischen Oberkommando des Atomwaffenpotenzials Frankreichs und Großbritanniens bedienen können, verändern die internationale Rolle der EU. Die Supermacht Europa verabschiedet sich endgültig von der Idee einer Zivilmacht und bedient sich uneingeschränkt der Mittel internationaler Machtpolitik."3) Zur gleichen Zeit entstand im Führungsstab der deutschen Streitkräfte eine Denkschrift, die darauf abzielte, die Militärarsenale der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten der Verfügungsgewalt einer künftigen EU-Regierung zu unterwerfen und damit auch für Berliner Ambitionen nutzbar zu machen. Teil des Forderungskatalogs war der Zugriff auf französische und britische Atomwaffen.4)
In einer Anfang 2004 publizierten Denkschrift fordert die CDU-nahe Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung eine ,,Neuausrichtung des teilweise überkommenen Völkerrechtsverständnisses", mit der die ,,Zulässigkeit von Präventivschlägen" feststellt und ein Angriffskrieg mit Atomwaffen legitimiert werden soll: ,,Selbst die nukleare Präemption ist eine zumindest theoretisch vorstellbare Option."5) Die offiziöse ,,Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik" (DGAP) hat in einem gemeinsam mit dem ,,Institut français des relations internationales" (Ifri) verantworteten deutsch-französischen Strategiepapier bereits konkrete Vorschläge für den gemeinsamen Einsatz von Atomwaffen unterbreitet.6)
Sehr bald?
Deutsche Regierungsberater und Militärs beschäftigen sich nun konkret mit der Frage, wie der deutsche Zugriff auf Atomwaffen möglichst schnell politisch umgesetzt werden kann. Autor eines dazu veröffentlichten Papiers ist Peter Schmidt, ein Mitarbeiter des größten außenpolitischen think tanks Berlins, der Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP). Derzeit ist er zum Bundesministerium der Verteidigung abgeordnet. Angesichts der rasanten militärischen Formierung der EU (eigenständige Sicherheitsdoktrin, EU-Verfassung, militärische ,,Beistandsklausel"7)) lasse sich die ,,Debatte über Rolle und Funktion der Nuklearwaffen Frankreichs und Großbritanniens kaum vermeiden", erklärt Schmidt. Insbesondere Frankreich modernisiere derzeit seine Nuklearstreitkräfte (Sprengköpfe mit besserer Penetrationsfähigkeit, seegestützte Trägersysteme, zielsichere Marschflugkörper mit größerer Reichweite) und revidiere seine Nuklearstrategie, um durch ,,Miniaturisierung" der Atomwaffen die Einsatzschwelle zu senken. In ,,politisch verantwortlichen Kreisen" werde Deutschland gegenüber bereits ,,mehr oder weniger offiziell" der Wunsch geäußert, in eine ,,nukleare Debatte" einzutreten. Berlin sei daher ,,in naher Zukunft" gezwungen, sich mit der Frage auseinander zu setzen, wie das französische Atomwaffenpotential in den europäischen Rahmen einzufügen sei.
Zu früh?
Der Regierungsberater sondiert sodann die verschiedenen Optionen, wie die (Mit-)Verfügungsgewalt Berlins über die französischen Atombomben organisiert werden könnte, und erwägt insbesondere, wie sich die Widerstände gegen ein mit Atombomben bewaffnetes deutsch-französisches Europa überwinden ließen. Eine ,,konsultative Sonderregelung" zwischen Berlin und Paris hält Schmidt für nicht vermittelbar, und auch das sich entwickelnde militärische ,,Kerneuropa" komme als Handlungsrahmen nicht in Frage, da die Verknüpfung mit ,,nuklearen Fragen" die EU spalten könne. Aus deutscher Sicht sei es daher unabdingbar notwendig, die EU als ganzes einzubeziehen, zumindest aber Großbritannien; allerdings sei dabei mit dem Widerstand einiger EU-Mitglieder zu rechnen. Gelinge es jedoch, ein EU-weit akzeptiertes Konzept durchzusetzen, sei auch die Akzeptanz des Einsatzes nuklearer Waffen bereits bei einer biologischen bzw. chemischen Bedrohung gesichert. Schwierigkeiten bereite dann nur noch die Umsetzung einer ,,Kriegsführungsstrategie" mit kleineren Atomwaffen. Als wesentliches Hindernis der deutschen Atomwaffenambitionen gilt Schmidt aber der Einfluss der US-Regierung in der NATO: ,,Mit Sicherheit (...) würde eine von der NATO losgelöste Nukleardoktrin und die dadurch erforderliche institutionelle Struktur auf Widerstand in Washington stoßen."
Besser vorbereiten
Zusammenfassend stellt der Regierungsberater bedauernd fest, dass die negativen Konsequenzen eines schnellen Berliner Zugriffs auf Atomwaffen zur Zeit noch überwiegen: ,,Sicherlich bietet das Ziel europäischer Unabhängigkeit in der Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik Ansatzpunkte dafür, auch die Nukleardimension der Union getrennt von der Allianz zu betrachten. Diese formellen Autonomieansprüche müssen jedoch gegen die zu erwartenden negativen Konflikte im Bündnis aufgerechnet werden." Die Bedingungen seien noch nicht (,,pas encore") reif. Die Bundesregierung sei daher gefordert, eine inhaltlich begründete Konzeption vorzulegen, wie der Boden für eine ,,Nuklearmacht" baldmöglichst zu bereiten sei.
1) s. auch Hintergrundbericht: Deutschland auf dem Weg zur Atommacht
2) s. auch Hintergrundbericht: Bundesakademie für Sicherheitspolitik
3) s. auch ,,Untergang oder Aufstieg zur Weltmacht?"
4) s. auch Bundeswehr will ,,Mitbestimmung" über Atombomben
5) s. auch Krieg ist Frieden
6) s. auch Strahlender Abgrund
7) s. auch EU-Strategie: ,,Präventivkriege" weltweit und Hintergrundbericht: Verfassung für ein exklusives militärisches ,,Kerneuropa" sowie Kriegspflicht
Quellen:
Frankreichs Nuklearstrategie vor der Revision?; SWP-Studie 2004/S 02, Januar 2004; www.swp-berlin.org
Peter Schmidt: ,,Dissuasion du fort au fou" - eine europäische Option? Warum das Thema sehr bald auf der Tagesordnung stehen könnte, SWP-Aktuell 2004/08, März 2004
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